Polish and Hebrew Literature and National Identity Opracowania Zbiorowe ebook

Opis treści

During many meetings and conversations in the last ten years about our_x000D_ profession or even one could say passion – literature, we had the impression_x000D_ that there is much in common between our two literatures – Polish and_x000D_ Hebrew. We decided to put our intuition to the test and see how much truth_x000D_ there is to it, and we organized the conference “Polish and Hebrew Literature_x000D_ and National Identity”, which took place at the University of Warsaw in_x000D_ October 2009. We invited brilliant scholars from both sides, Poland and_x000D_ Israel, who picked up the gauntlet, offering their reflections and prompting_x000D_ discussion on the relations between nationhood and literature from different_x000D_ perspectives. This book compiles extended and revised versions of the papers_x000D_ presented at the conference._x000D_ During the conference sessions, discussions, conversations, as well as the_x000D_ social events in the evenings, we came to the conclusion that there are some_x000D_ very important questions and problems which both literatures address and_x000D_ struggle with._x000D_ The first, and perhaps most central issue is the construction of the_x000D_ concept of nationality; namely, the symbols, myths and images which create_x000D_ national identity. This question has several aspects: Polish, Jewish, Polish-_x000D_ Jewish, Israeli, with another important element being whether the author_x000D_ writes in his/her homeland or in the diaspora. Within these aspects we could_x000D_ recognize similarities between Polish and Hebrew literatures. Here we have_x000D_ to underline that, in our understanding, what defines a literature as Polish_x000D_ or Hebrew is the language of the work and not the national-religious identity_x000D_ of the writer._x000D_ In the opening article, Anita Shapira illustrates Hebrew literature’s_x000D_ reciprocal relations with Zionism, a complex link with a dual perspective,_x000D_ both encouraging and doubting. In her wide-ranging study she shows that_x000D_ it was common for different literatures to shape their respective national_x000D_ 10_x000D_ consciousnesses. Through their works, the likes of Pushkin, Mickiewicz,_x000D_ Byron, Smetana, Scott, Hugo and many others formed national identities and_x000D_ political consciousness. Secularization played a great role in this. Instead of the_x000D_ Scriptures, which had lost their hold among the intelligentsia, it was secular_x000D_ literature that created a national-cultural community in the language of the_x000D_ nascent nation. The power of literature was decisive because it is literature_x000D_ that impacts the imagination and emotions most effectively. However, Shapira_x000D_ shows that it was not only Hebrew literature which shaped the Zionist mind,_x000D_ as by and large the highbrow of Hebrew belles-letters consisted of elitist_x000D_ writers who created critical, challenging, pessimistic, and individualistic works,_x000D_ which were by definition intended for a relatively limited readership. Shapira_x000D_ claims that the canon that shaped the Zionist narrative included Hebrew and_x000D_ translated literature, highbrow and lowbrow alike. In that light she points to_x000D_ the influence Polish literature had on the Zionist narrative.

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