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Knighs are not just equestrians: the whole estate was called in Athens – those who had enough money to keep a war horse. These were wealthy people, had small estates outside the city, lived on their income, and wanted Athens to be a peaceful, closed agricultural state. The poet Aristophanes wanted peace; therefore, he made the riders the chorus of his comedy.

Aristophanes is revered as the „father of comedy.” He wrote over forty works, of which eleven reached us. Centuries have passed, but the comedies of Aristophanes continue to live. The political events that Aristophanes criticized in his works have long faded into the past, but the author enjoys the inexhaustible comic ingenuity of the author, his wit and ingenious courage with which he derives the funny from everything that he touches.

The game begins with Praxagora leaving the house on the Athenian street before dawn. She wears a fake beard and men’s clothes, and she carries a cane and a lit lamp. A chorus of Athenian women enter one on one, all dressed in a similar costume. In order to be more convincingly courageous, some women developed tans and stopped shaving armpits. One woman brings a full basket of yarn in order to get the job done, as the assembly replenishes, to which Praxagora reports to her for...

The old farmer Strepsiad is in debt because of his son Fidippida, squandering money for equestrian sports. Strepsiad seeks help from a neighbor – the sage of Socrates; Having come to the „thought room”, where Socrates teaches young people, Strepsiad asks to teach him tricky speeches and evasions, which would allow not to repay debts. But Strepsiad turns out to be unsuitable for science, and then Fidippid goes to study instead

Pisfeter manages to convince the birds that their mission is to rule the world. According to his idea, the bird city of Tucekukuyshchyna is being built between heaven and earth; birds give wings to Pisfeter and Evelpid, Pisfeter becomes the ruler of the new city and puts into effect a plan whose goal is to take power from the Olympic gods. Birds intercept the smoke from the sacrifices that the gods feed on, persuade people to honor the birds as new gods and promise them prote...

This is the comedy of the ancient Greek comedian Aristophanes, the earliest of his plays that have survived to this day. Together with „Mir” and „Lysistrata” refers to the „anti-war” comedies of the author. It refers to a citizen who was so tormented by the constant wars waged by his state that he made peace on his own behalf with all his neighbors, and while the rest fought and endured hardships and poverty, he lived calmly, profitably traded – in general, everything to envy...

This is a comedy of the ancient Greek comedian Aristophanes. First introduced in 408 BC e., was later redesigned and put on the scene in 388 BC. e. in a contest with four more poets. Competition results are unknown. Put on stage for the second time, in a complete rework. This was the last play staged on the stage by Aristophanes himself.

An elderly wine grower Trigay, tired of the war and strife between the Greek cities, on a giant dung beetle goes to heaven to talk with Zeus. Arriving there, Trigay learns from Hermes that Zeus and the other gods are away, and instead of them, Polemos settled in the house of the gods. Polemos threw the goddess of peace Eiren into the cave and stoned him; together with the Horror that is serving him, he is going to „powder” the Greek cities in a huge mortar depicting a war....

A woman named Lysistrata, determined to stop the senseless war, gathers women from all over Greece in the square in front of the Acropolis of Athens. She offers them „until the men make peace – do not sleep with them, do not give them, do not touch them! „. With difficulty and after much debate and bickering, women agree. They take refuge in the Acropolis and do not admit anyone to themselves. The entire civilian population is divided into two camps: women and the elderly...

Set against a Florida background, this story tells of the adventures of Bill Picton and his young companions who trail a gang of moonshiners through the steaming, sluggish swamp-lands. Fitzgordon had never in his life before been in a tropical swamp, and the very first thing he did was to get both feet tangled in a coil of tough bamboo vine, and come down flat on his face on the wet black „muck.” The stuff was like rotten sponge, and just as full of water as it would hold. Wh...

Winter closed early over the great desert of the Northwest, and the first dense snow lay on the banks and covered dark trees with a white mantle. Ice formed under the river banks, and its huge layers crumbled under the sound of a choking stern wheel and rattled like broken glass on a track. In the snowy forest thickets, neither human dwellings nor living creatures were visible. The still air was bitter from the frost, and a dull red sun fell behind the distant hills.

„Short and stout as he was, Pip could handle a boat with any man, and the speed with which he got the sail up and tied down the reef points was worth watching. As he finished, the great arch of cloud swept over the sun, wiping, out its bright light. Then with a roar the wind was on them”.

„As the great ’plane roared through the upper air, young Monty Vince sat with his eyes glued to the thick glass window of her enclosed body, and watched the sea of clouds lying like a pearly floor far below. Every nerve in his body tingled with excitement and triumph, for even he, small as was his experience, knew that this first flight of his brother’s new machine was a magnificent success”.

The early summer morning was warm and very quiet, and the only sound in the bare, barn-like room was the slow sucking of waves at the foot of the granite cliff on which it was built. On the table in the center of the room was a wireless device with five valves, the wires through which passed through the roof. Two thin cords dangled near the wires, the lower ends of which were within the reach of Jim Selvin, a tall, slender boy with a sharp face, who was sitting with headphone...

Peter Carr, with his usual skills, scattered flies through blazing puddles. And yet not a single fish moved, nor did the slightest rise reward him for all his efforts. Peter walked many miles that day, and the prospect of a quiet evening over the blazing peat fire was clearly pleasant. But before he walked another quarter of a mile, he was awakened by his pleasant reverie of a piercing call for help.

Peter slowly rose to the top. He was in a blue twill suit, his brown shoes were old but well polished, and his soft gray hat looked like a hundred others. If someone tried to watch him, they would take him for a city clerk, enjoying a quiet walk to get that little fresh air that moved on this sinister hot night.

The cold drizzle made Plymouth unhappy, and it was with a sigh of relief that Bruce Carey exchanged the greasy, dirty platform of North Road Station for the warm, well-lit comfort of a first-class night mail coupe for London. At first he thought that he would have a car, but when the train was getting ready to start, a man jumped into it and fell on the seat opposite Bruce. He was breathing heavily, as if running, and Bruce, looking at him, was struck by the expression on his...

Four years of hard work under the tropical sun, a young American invested in this place. He, Dick, had been on it for a whole year. He knew how Dudley liked it, and knew perfectly well that it would be unpleasant for him to refuse him. What was his business when Dudley so quietly perceived all this?

This old science fiction novel, Bridges, describes the Earth, largely devastated and devastated by terrible unrest in the solar system. The story tells about the adventures of seven people sailing in a wonderful airship of the future. There is a mortal battle between the two scientists: one is trying to build a new and better world on the ruins of the old, the other is a villain fighting to create a system that will finally destroy what remains on Earth.

The bottom of the gorge was filled with old lava, black and fragile, like bottle glass, but the rocks that endlessly rose on both sides on an African night were made of limestone. Everything was still like death. Even the jackal did not cry under the stars. For a while no sound was heard except for the gentle shuffling of Nick’s legs as he slowly descended the steep slope. The darkness was terribly frightening for others, but Nick knew the way, and they unconditionally truste...

Lucy i morze – kontynuacja nominowanej do Nagrody Bookera powieści Mam na imię Lucy i WilliamaLucy i morze to czwarta książka Elizabeth Strout, w której pojawia się pisarka – Lucy Barton po wcześniejszych powieściach: Mam na imię Lucy, To, co możliwe i William. Autorka kolejny raz buduje świat pełen ludzkich historii i związanych z nimi: niepewności, radości, wątpliwości i znaków zapytania. Wplata w nie aktualne wydarzenia społeczno-polityczne, pokazując swą wrażliwość na ota...

Metafizyczna, bluźniercza powieść o tragedii wojny, która nie kończy się wraz z podpisaniem traktatów pokojowych, ale zostaje w jej ofiarach i przenosi się na kolejne pokolenia. Malwina, dziewczynka obdarzona niezwykłą wrażliwością, śni sny-wspomnienia wojenne swojej babki, co sprawia, że równolegle funkcjonuje w dwóch rzeczywistościach – wojennej (przede wszystkim tej z Kresów i Syberii) i Polski lat 90. Rzeczywistości wzajemnie się przenikają, nakładają się na siebie. ...

The boy knew all too well that his father was fighting to preserve the farm. The land was poor and they had three bad seasons. Unable to even pay for the labor, the farmer Holt and his seventeen-year-old son did almost all the work themselves, and sometimes it was hard work. They would not have known their neighbors, but the beasts themselves in the stables and stables lived better than Holt and his son.

The roar of the pampero rattling above the chimneys of the solidly built Estancia drowned the rumble, but the sound was loud enough for Jock and Ned Burnie to jump from their chairs by the fire and run out of the room. At the foot of the stairs on the floor of broken clay lay an old man in a magnificent frame. Jock first got to him and leaned over him.