In this monography there are presented and discussed the following categories of concepts: truth and causes, randomness, isomorphism, homomorphism, models, modelling, expectations, tools and effects of the use of monetary policy, potentia and calculus of potentias, theory and theorizing._x000D_ These categories make themes of successive chapters of this book. It seeks to provide both theoretical and empirical foundations for doing economic research by economists, econometrici...

History is a source of red flags. However, one must learn to read them and distinguish what is barely temporary in its nature from what can lasts for centuries. System reforms that support the efficiency of these systems cannot be carried out without the knowledge that institutions form a structure with a diversified horizon of action, and their modernization is possible, but the operation of new institutions decreed by reforms is conditioned, among others, by attachment of t...

From a theoretical and practical point of view, we are taking you in this book on an intellectual journey where we will present taxes and the tax system in economic terms. We understand tax system economics as the overall governance of a country’s or integration grouping’s revenues and public expenditure aimed to create a smart economic policy that stimulates economic growth and development, and safeguards against the functional risk to the current and next generations. We pr...

One of the characteristic facts concerning the “catching-up countries” is the exceptionally large variation in their per capita annual rate of growth, from about zero to about 10%. The papers published in this monograph show that this rate is strongly dependent on the rate of investment, the quality of the labour force and the quality of institutions. The rate of investment is, in turn, dependent on the rate of domestic savings. In Poland, domestic savings are shown to have b...

The monograph presents a comprehensive and holistic approach to the study of innovativeness of enterprises and the economy in Poland. Such an approach determines its originality against the background of previous works. An interesting intertwining of theory and practice, the argumentation of great theoreticians of the subject with cases of innovative activity in Poland is an indisputable source of knowledge not only for research but also for education and substantive, and not...

This book has been designed as a guide for foreigners studying in Poland. The preparation of such a book for this particular kind of recipient represents a much-needed and valuable initiative, as there are considered to be far too few publications of this kind. For this book offers in an understandable and digestible form basic information on the past and present of Poland, with particular emphasis put on the areas of policy, society and the economy. A volume designed in such...

In Poland, for almost three decades, education in the field of public health has been provided in medical universities with the aim of creating an expert workforce to ensure appropriate action in this area. The book draws on the experience and knowledge of teachers associated with the School of Public Health of the Jagiellonian University – undoubtedly a leading institution in the country in this area – but experts from other centres also were invited in order to provide cont...

This publication was written for a Global Political Economy course taught in business schools offering undergraduate or graduate levels of education. The textbook focuses on select countries and regions which, in our opinion, will be the most important consumer and export markets in the next two decades.

This work is an attempt to assess to what extent the new economic governance of the EU helped to discipline public finances in the member states. The poor institutional design of the EU, the authors point out, magnified the negative fiscal effects of the last financial crisis. The work attempts to examine the degree of fiscal consolidation of member states. Both, the austerity policies, as a method of consolidating public finances, and the so-called non-Keynes...

Książka dotyczy najważniejszych mechanizmów i uwarunkowań procesu włączania w system bankowy poprzez podnoszenie świadomości finansowej społeczeństwa. Ze względu na prognozowane trendy demograficzne, prowadzące do zjawiska starzenia się całego społeczeństwa, w książce opisano wybrany element koncepcji silver economy, jakim jest aktywne uczestnictwo osób w wieku powyżej 50. roku życia w życiu społecznym, warunkowane świadomym i odpowiedzialnym korzystaniem z dostępnych produkt...

World economy in the XXI century there is before various new challenges and especially in the time of COVID-19. Important are the new tendencies in the economic development of the European Union in the XXI century. In the new circumstances for the development of the global economy, the eyes of the world, have been turned to China. The access of China to WTO was a historical decision, the evidence of evolution which was taking place within that organisation, giving it a more u...

Monografia ukazuje rolę Specjalnej Strefy Ekonomicznej Shenzen w transformacji ustrojowej Chin – jej niewątpliwy sukces określany jako „cud Shenzen” jest widoczny w wielu obszarach, a w szczególności w dynamicznym wzroście gospodarczym oraz w zmianach strukturalnych w gospodarce. _x000D_ Jak można przeczytać w recenzji autorstwa prof. dr hab. Krystyny Poznańskiej „(…) w podjętych rozważaniach Autorzy nie ograniczyli się tylko do prezentacji rozwoju Specjalnej Strefy Ekonomicz...

Innovation, perceived as an inherent feature of the modern economy, is one of the most important factors determining economic growth. Apart from that, innovation is also of key importance in creating the competitiveness of enterprises as well as countries and regions. It is believed that achieving a sustainable competitive advantage would not be possible without investments supporting the implementation of innovative solutions. It is quite the opposite – the innovativeness of...

W uczeniu maszynowym odkrywanie związków przyczynowych daje możliwości, jakich nie można uzyskać tradycyjnymi technikami statystycznymi. Najnowsze trendy w programowaniu pokazują, że przyczynowość staje się kluczowym zagadnieniem dla generatywnej sztucznej inteligencji. Niezbędna okazuje się więc znajomość grafów przyczynowych i zapytań konfrontacyjnych._x005F_x000D_ _x005F_x000D_ Dzięki tej książce łatwo przyswoisz teoretyczne podstawy i zaczniesz je płynnie wd...

The study attempts to address three research problems: 1. What is the status and significance of the MSE-sector enterprises in selected CEE countries? 2. What reporting obligations do enterprises from the MSE sector have? 3. What is the possible improvement orientation with regard to MSE-sector reporting in the CEE countries in terms of sustainable development? This monograph aims to conduct a cross-country comparative analysis of the financial reporting requirements of micr...

The economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and the energy crisis resulting from the war in Ukraine in 2022 have had a significant impact on the attitude of industrial state governments to using stabilization policies as a method of mitigating the effects of crises. While earlier, especially after the 2007+ crisis, industrialized countries focused mainly on maintaining price stability, their stabilization policy during the last two crises is more focused on su...