Dwuczłonowy dramat datowany na lata 1865–66. Jego akcja obejmuje dwie przeplatające się tragedie: „Tyrtej” i „Za kulisami”. „Tyrtej” to sceny rozgrywające się na deskach teatru, łączą się one z wydarzeniami mającymi miejsce „Za kulisami”. Wiele fragmentów utworu stanowi aluzję do Warszawy po upadku powstania styczniowego. Znajduje się w nim również „Dedykacja”, którą Norwid poświęca młodości stolicy.
Николай Гоголь – великий русский писатель, который силой своего таланта влиял на умы соотечественников. „Вечера на хуторе близ Диканьки” стали первым крупным произведением писателя, принесшим ему настоящий успех и славу. Картины украинского быта, веселые, с тонким юмором, произвели большое впечатление на А. Пушкина. „Миргород” – повести, служащие продолжением „Вечеров на хуторе близ Диканьки” – открыли читателю новые грани таланта писателя, поставили в ряд выдающихся писате...
Чехов – признанный мастер „короткой прозы”, каждый рассказ которого – вся человеческая жизнь в ее трагикомической полноте, а всякая деталь, по слову Л.Н. Толстого, „либо нужна, либо прекрасна”. Пьесы писателя были новаторскими во время своего появления, „это живопись на стекле, сквозь которую сквозят бесконечно далекие перспективы”, как писал Леонид Андреев. В сборник включены самые известные его пьесы и рассказы: „Дядя Ваня”, „Три сестры”, „Вишневый сад”, „Смерть чиновника...
Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) to wybitny polski poeta, dramaturg, filozof-wizjoner. Obok Mickiewicza i Krasińskiego uznawany powszechnie za największego przedstawiciela polskiego romantyzmu. Mimo iż żył zaledwie 39 lat, jego twórczość literacka jest obfita i różnorodna. Poeta pozostawił po sobie kilkanaście dramatów, wiele poematów i powieści poetyckich, setki wierszy oraz listów. W multibooku znalazło się 18 największych dzieł autora, takich jak powieść poetycka „Jan Bielec...
William Shakespeare (1564–1616) jest powszechnie uznawany za jednego z najwybitniejszych angielskich dramaturgów oraz reformatorów teatru. Napisał trzydzieści osiem sztuk, z czego około połowy to komedie. W wypadku dzieł tego autora nie można jednak mówić o komediach we współczesnym rozumieniu tego pojęcia. Komedie Shakespeare’a zawierają w sobie tzw. biegun tragiczny, czyli nie są pozbawione konfliktu dramatycznego. Uznawane za komediowe utwory kończą się czasami scenami śmi...
William Shakespeare (1564–1616) jest powszechnie uznawany za jednego z najwybitniejszych angielskich dramaturgów oraz reformatorów teatru. Napisał trzydzieści osiem sztuk, z czego około jednej czwartej to tragedie. Tragedie mistrza ze Stratfordu w naturalny sposób stanowią przeciwieństwo jego komedii. Autor, który często pozostaje wierny wzorcom klasycznym, stawia swoich bohaterów w sytuacjach bez wyjścia, ukazuje ich słabość wobec trudności losu. W utworach tych niebagatelną...
Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855) to – obok Juliusza Słowackiego i Zygmunta Krasińskiego – największy polski twórca romantyczny, poeta, wizjoner, publicysta, działacz polityczny; zaliczany do grona wieszczów narodowych. Pozostawił po sobie ogromną i zróżnicowaną spuściznę literacką, obejmującą lirykę, poematy epickie, dramaty i publicystykę. Jego twórczość wywarła trwały wpływ na polską kulturę – na świadomość zbiorową, literaturę, sztukę, a nawet język. Przez dekady była stałym el...
„Judgement at Chelmsford” is a pageant play, written for a church setting. The author Charles Williams (1886-1945), who was a British theologian, playwright, novelist and poet, was commissioned to produce this play to mark the 25th anniversary of The Diocese of Chelmsford in 1939. In it, he created a huge, sprawling drama about the history of Chelmsford. Eight episodes, a prologue and epilogue, make this a formidable work. It was intended to be a large-scale pageant play an...
The drama „The Light Shines” reflects the events of Tolstoy’s life in the broadest, most typified generalizations. Therefore, it would be a gross mistake to fully identify the content of the drama with the life of Tolstoy, his family and those around him. Nevertheless, there is a close relationship between them. So, the drama of Nikolai Ivanovich Saryntsev is, of course, the drama of Tolstoy himself. In the person of Maria Ivanovna Saryntseva, some characteristic features o...
Such was the breadth of Tolstoy’s talents that he was unsurpassed in stories, essays and plays. A play about a demon who was stuck on the theft of the souls of peasants. The story itself is a story about juvenile morality, which seems so heavy that Tolstoy’s footprints should be on every page.
Alcoholism then and now caused endless quarrels, domestic violence, senseless violence, disintegration of families, and a decrease in the life expectancy of men. So, we see that Tolstoy’s message is deeply appropriate, and his strategy to convey this tale of morality for most people was to make it simple, short, with an emphasis on the destructive effect of alcohol. This is truly a moral story – and that’s good because it solves a real problem that destroys the structure of...
In the play „The Living Corpse”, the famous Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy appears as a playwright. It is filled with intense psychological collisions, complex images of heroes, ambiguous and with that vitally revealed throughout the whole story. And, as always, the themes of love, kindness and human destiny are in the foreground. The play is based on real events, it was popular at the beginning of the 20th century, when it was translated into foreign languages, put on stages,...
In the morning, men from the Kursk province arrive at the Zvezdintsev’s house. Their appearance alarms the valet Fyodor Ivanovich, he tries to send uninvited guests to the courtyard, but the maid Tanya intervenes for the walkers: the peasants are her countrymen, in addition, one of them is the father of the barman Semyon, with whom the girl intends to associate fate. When Tanya finds out that the master refuses to sign an agreement on the sale of land, a cunning plan mature...
The very concept of „The Power of Darkness” for Tolstoy corresponds to the Gospel, where darkness is identified with the concept of hell and death, and light with hope and paradise. The Power of Darkness expresses not only religious, but also philosophical ideas of the great Russian writer. Darkness is the moral blindness of people who commit a crime in order to satisfy the most base motives. The power of „The Power of Darkness” for Tolstoy is the tragedy of hopelessness, a...
Chekhov extracts from his everyday life the themes of frustration that apply to all of us – the difficulty of creating a happy existence, problems of love, the extinction of hope. His pyems are full of tragedy. The theme of the suffering of the current generation. While he hopes the next generation will have a better life. In almost all the plays there is an alcoholic, unrequited love, unhappy marriage, people are irresponsible financially.
The plot of the play is based on the struggle of King Henry IV with former allies. The Earl of Northumberland and his influential relatives, to whom the king owes a great deal to the throne, are not satisfied with their position under the new government and are rebelling. In addition to political troubles, Henry IV is tormented by problems of a personal nature: his heir Henry leads a hectic life, spending time in the company of the dissolute fat man Sir John Falstaff and hi...
This historical chronicle spans a period of thirty years in English history. Starting from the death of King Henry the Fifth in 1422 and ending with the Battle of Castillon in 1453. Lancaster pays for the usurpation of power and the death of the real king. British troops are defeated in battles with France. In England, civil strife and civil war begin.
One of Shakespeare’s later plays. The plot focuses on the confrontation between the Duke of Milan, the Wizard of Prospero, and his brother Antonio. The latter, with the help of the Neapolitan king, takes power from his brother. Prospero, with his little daughter Miranda, was expelled from Milan. On a dilapidated ship they were sent to the open sea.
The play of W. Shakespeare „King Henry VI” was written in 1590-1592. Its events take place during the war of England with France and at the beginning of the war of the Scarlet and White Roses, which led to a feudal anarchy and untold misfortunes. The limp, unable to rule the country, King Henry becomes a toy in the hands of his power-hungry wife – Queen Margarita and her lover – the Duke of Suffolk...
„King John” – Shakespearean chronicles of the reign of such a historical figure as John Landless. John becomes king of England, bypassing his nephew – Arthur, who has completely legal rights to the throne. Arthur, supported by his mother Constance, asks for the help of the King of France, Philip. King Philip goes to John by war.
Nowhere else has Shakespeare demonstrated his gift to turn the chronicle into a drama so vividly and visibly as in the third part of Henry VI. In the previous two plays, battle scenes are also reproduced: in the first part, the battle in France is displayed especially vividly and vividly, but only in the last play of the trilogy the playwright managed to show almost the entire course of the Rose War in two hours of presentation: from the consequences of the first battle in ...
King of Navarra, Ferdinand, with three close associates, vows to spend three years in an unceasing study of scholarly works. In the name of science, the monarch vows to limit himself in sleep and food, as well as spend the entire long term without communicating with women. Ferdinand is sure that only mortification of the flesh can lead to significant discoveries and conclusions. The king issues a decree that prohibits women from approaching the palace in fear of cutting off...
The comedy is surprisingly lively, sparkling and witty, despite the fact that the plot is set by conventions that seem to be implausible: two pairs of separated twins, and even with the same names, because of which there are ridiculous confusions. Here, there is the atmosphere of the Italian Renaissance, and the topicality of the Shakespearean era, and some special Greek flavor, and a little lyricism, and satire on family customs, and the touchingness of meeting and reuniti...
