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„A Smile of Fortune” is located on a beautiful island in the Pacific Ocean, on which the narrator, captain docked; ship suppliers are supposedly brothers who have not talked to each other for 18 years. One of the brothers, Ernest, is an assimilated citizen. He owes a lot of money, has parties, has taste and manners, and is trusted. He treats the half-blood servants as cruelly as the rest of the colonists. Another, Arthur, is an outcast, not because of his race or profession, ...

”A Personal Record” is the story of the design and manuscript of „Caprice Olmeyer,” Conrad’s first novel, as well as the story of his dream about the sea, and the story of his cousin who ate a dog, and the story of a beloved dog presented to his son, but above all, – the story of the novel „The Olmeyer Caprice”, and the strange prototype of the hero of this novel, and a few more words about the man who was the first reader of this novel. At the same time, „A Personal Record” ...

The Doctrine of the Mean is a text rich in symbolism and a guide to cultivation. The goal of the doctorine meaning is to maintain balance and harmony from the direction of the mind to a state of constant equilibrium. A person who follows the average is on the path of duty and should never leave it.

This is a collection of judgments. In „The Analects” the mystical layer is completely absent, as well as the natural-philosophical problems. Outwardly unsystematically arranged aphorisms are united by the theme of creating an ideal social order, which for Confucius is an expression of the Tao in the Celestial Empire. Its implementation is possible as a result of self-improvement of a person through familiarization with „writing / culture” (wen).

A short story about an unhappy involuntary marriage. Family quarrels, like bad weather in the Russian wilderness: there is nothing worse than becoming an involuntary captive of a blizzard of someone else’s spousal abuse. The main character of the story is an ordinary woman with an unfortunate fate. All its features consist only in youth and attractive appearance, and in the still alive soul, which writhes under the weight of the cargo that has landed on it and stubbornly does...

The story of a boy Egor, who goes from his home to a gymnasium located in another city. This trip is the last event before the start of a new life away from mother and familiar places. Nothing unexpected happens on the way, but at the same time, there is a constant change of landscapes and moons of Egor, meetings with new people, both ordinary and of noble origin. The boy is a witness to the life of people whose path also lies through the steppe.

The theme of the „little man”, which appeared in many of Chekhov’s short stories, was also touched on in the novel „My Life”. The main character, Misail Poloznev, a nobleman by birth, becomes a simple worker. In order to live the way he wants, he breaks with his father. He is opposed to lies and hypocrisy, namely they, in his opinion, reign among the intelligentsia. The quote of the old house painter Radish: „Aphids eat grass, rust – iron, and lies – the soul”. According to t...

Correspondence with Knipper is interesting not only as a chronicle of the last years of Chekhov’s life, not only as a valuable source of information about the first years of the Art Theater. Knipper took an exceptional place in Chekhov’s spiritual life in recent years, and letters to her most fully reflect his inner world in those years, to the extent that Chekhov generally considered it necessary to open this inner world to other, even closest people. In letters to his wife,...

The book, which at one time produced the most ambitious scandal in the history of British literature of the XIX century. This is a book that was desperately admired and equally desperately outraged. The poem that shocked the foundations of the foundations of morality and morality of its era and gave the world one of the most famous literary heroes of mankind – a hero without whom neither Pushkin Onegin nor Lermontov Pechorin would exist.

This story is about a girl whose family has lost everything. Despite his young age, Agnes makes an important decision for himself and his family to go to work as a governess. Those close, at first discouraging a young girl, but understanding her resolve, do not resist her impulse. The work of a governess is not an easy job, Agnes Gray on her way gets acquainted with the life, traditions and way of life of different families. Her students are not always obedient and diligent, ...

It can be seen from the book that at that time rhetoric was used to a greater extent in the courts, and Aristotle writes a lot about judicial speeches, how to convince judges and jurors, and sometimes goes into consideration of laws. Also, rhetoric was used in deliberative and laudatory speeches, in the modern century this is no longer so relevant. The second part of the book describes human passions. Aristotle, as always, in his style from all sides examined anger, mercy, sh...

The treatise is divided into 8 chapters (books), each of which is devoted to a particular topic. First of all, in the first book, Aristotle begins his concept with the very concept of „state”, since without understanding this term one can forget about further theory. In the second book, Aristotle undertakes to criticize the already existing theories about the state, namely the theory of Plato, Faley of Chalkedon, Hippodamus; It also analyzes and analyzes the states and their ...

The first part of this essay gives a general description of the term „poetics”. At first, Aristotle claims that any art is based on a mimesis, or imitation. Aristotle proves this by arguing that curiosity is peculiar to any person. In particular, the curiosity of observing all sorts of unpleasant things, for example, images of dead animals, and getting pleasure from it.

Aristophanes, nicknamed the „father of comedy”, wrote in a different way than the first tragedies. He was troubled by everyday problems, rarely associated with the past. Gods also rarely appeared in his works, like the heroes of antiquity: the main role was given to contemporaries. If certain events of Aristophanes did not suit him, he made fun of them, or offered original recipes to change the situation for the better.

Old Philokleon was so addicted to attending court hearings that his son Bdelikleon locked him in the house and stretched a net around the house. He wants to ensure a quiet life for his father, but Philokleon does not at all want peace. He’s a cocky, like a choir made up of his old friends, judges, and he likes to convict. The choir appears on the stage in wasp costumes and tries to help Philokleon slip away, but Bdelikleon prevents this.

This bold statement by Euripides is an absurd premise on which the whole game depends. Women are outraged by the image of the female as crazy, murderous and sexually depraved, and they use the Thesmophoria festival as an opportunity to discuss a suitable choice of revenge, Fearing their abilities, Euripides seeks out his tragic friend Agathon in the hope of convincing him to spy on him and become his protector at the festival – a role that, of course, would require him to dis...

Knighs are not just equestrians: the whole estate was called in Athens – those who had enough money to keep a war horse. These were wealthy people, had small estates outside the city, lived on their income, and wanted Athens to be a peaceful, closed agricultural state. The poet Aristophanes wanted peace; therefore, he made the riders the chorus of his comedy.

Aristophanes is revered as the „father of comedy.” He wrote over forty works, of which eleven reached us. Centuries have passed, but the comedies of Aristophanes continue to live. The political events that Aristophanes criticized in his works have long faded into the past, but the author enjoys the inexhaustible comic ingenuity of the author, his wit and ingenious courage with which he derives the funny from everything that he touches.

The game begins with Praxagora leaving the house on the Athenian street before dawn. She wears a fake beard and men’s clothes, and she carries a cane and a lit lamp. A chorus of Athenian women enter one on one, all dressed in a similar costume. In order to be more convincingly courageous, some women developed tans and stopped shaving armpits. One woman brings a full basket of yarn in order to get the job done, as the assembly replenishes, to which Praxagora reports to her for...

The old farmer Strepsiad is in debt because of his son Fidippida, squandering money for equestrian sports. Strepsiad seeks help from a neighbor – the sage of Socrates; Having come to the „thought room”, where Socrates teaches young people, Strepsiad asks to teach him tricky speeches and evasions, which would allow not to repay debts. But Strepsiad turns out to be unsuitable for science, and then Fidippid goes to study instead

Pisfeter manages to convince the birds that their mission is to rule the world. According to his idea, the bird city of Tucekukuyshchyna is being built between heaven and earth; birds give wings to Pisfeter and Evelpid, Pisfeter becomes the ruler of the new city and puts into effect a plan whose goal is to take power from the Olympic gods. Birds intercept the smoke from the sacrifices that the gods feed on, persuade people to honor the birds as new gods and promise them prote...

This is the comedy of the ancient Greek comedian Aristophanes, the earliest of his plays that have survived to this day. Together with „Mir” and „Lysistrata” refers to the „anti-war” comedies of the author. It refers to a citizen who was so tormented by the constant wars waged by his state that he made peace on his own behalf with all his neighbors, and while the rest fought and endured hardships and poverty, he lived calmly, profitably traded – in general, everything to envy...

This is a comedy of the ancient Greek comedian Aristophanes. First introduced in 408 BC e., was later redesigned and put on the scene in 388 BC. e. in a contest with four more poets. Competition results are unknown. Put on stage for the second time, in a complete rework. This was the last play staged on the stage by Aristophanes himself.

An elderly wine grower Trigay, tired of the war and strife between the Greek cities, on a giant dung beetle goes to heaven to talk with Zeus. Arriving there, Trigay learns from Hermes that Zeus and the other gods are away, and instead of them, Polemos settled in the house of the gods. Polemos threw the goddess of peace Eiren into the cave and stoned him; together with the Horror that is serving him, he is going to „powder” the Greek cities in a huge mortar depicting a war....